Former Head of State Yakubu Gowon has declared that Nigeria must never return to military rule, despite the imperfections of its democratic system. Gowon made the remarks in Abuja on Wednesday during the unveiling of a book titled Military Factor in Nigerian History 1960–2018, published by the Historical Society of Nigeria (HSN) to commemorate its 70th anniversary.
Speaking at the event, Gowon, who chaired the occasion, acknowledged the significant role the military played in shaping Nigeria’s peace and development, but stressed that the armed forces must now concentrate on defending the country’s territorial integrity and supporting democratic governance. “The era of military governance is and must remain behind us; democracy, despite its imperfections, provides the best framework for national development and popular participation,” he said. “The armed forces must fully embrace their constitutional role as defenders of the nation’s territorial integrity, not as administrators or political actors.”
Gowon emphasized that the military’s place in Nigeria’s history cannot be reduced to a simple narrative of heroes and villains. He noted that while debates persist over whether the military ultimately helped or hindered the nation’s progress, the reality lies somewhere in between. “With the wisdom that comes from age and reflection, I believe the answer lies somewhere in between,” he said.
He pointed out that the military preserved national unity during the Nigerian civil war, spearheaded infrastructure development, and created new states to decentralize governance. He also commended the armed forces for their peacekeeping efforts across Africa and beyond. However, Gowon did not shy away from acknowledging the downsides of military rule. “On the other hand, I must acknowledge that military rule stifled democratic development, sometimes violated civil liberties, and created structures that enabled corruption,” he said.
Referencing the coups of 1966 and 1983, as well as the annulment of the June 12, 1993 presidential election, Gowon said these were major setbacks in Nigeria’s political history. “However, by acknowledging these mistakes, we pave the way for a brighter, more democratic future,” he said.
Reflecting on the civil war, Gowon described it as the country’s most painful moment, one that reaffirmed Nigeria’s resolve to remain united. Turning to current national security concerns, he called for a technologically advanced military that is guided by intelligence and works in synergy with civilian leadership. “The military should be seen as an essential component of the national fabric, working in tandem with civilian authorities,” Gowon said.
He concluded by urging the Nigerian military to continue its vital role in maintaining regional peace and security.
