Ninety-nine Indonesian Hajj pilgrims have contracted pneumonia while performing their pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, and one person has d!ed from an acute respiratory infection.
The announcement was made by Liliek Marhaendro Susilo, head of Indonesia’s Hajj Health Center, in a statement released on Thursday.
“We must be cautious, as this condition can develop into a severe illness if not treated promptly and properly,” Susilo said.
According to data from the Indonesian Hajj Health Clinics (KKHI) in Mecca and Medina as of May 20, the affected pilgrims are spread across various sectors and groups.
They are currently receiving intensive care at referral hospitals in the two holy cities.
Susilo explained that pneumonia can be life-threatening, particularly for those with underlying health conditions. Pneumonia is an inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs, typically caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
“In the crowded Hajj environment and extreme heat, the risk of respiratory infection transmission increases,” he said.
The Hajj Health Center has identified several risk factors for pneumonia among pilgrims, including high temperatures.
KKHI reported that temperatures in Mecca and Medina on Thursday ranged from 41–47 degrees Celsius. Exposure to intense heat without adequate hydration can lead to dehydration, increasing vulnerability to infections.
“Physical fatigue is another factor. The demanding Hajj schedule—from the long journey, the obligatory Umrah, to the peak rituals in Armuzna—requires strong physical endurance. Fatigue can weaken the immune system,” Susilo added.
The dense crowds of millions of pilgrims also raise the risk of virus or bacteria transmission.
Susilo further highlighted the risk posed by comorbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, which can make individuals more susceptible to pneumonia.
“We urge pilgrims to stay alert. Wear a mask when coughing, sneezing, or in crowded places. Wash hands frequently with soap or hand sanitizer, and drink at least two liters of water daily,” he advised.
He also reminded pilgrims to immediately report any health complaints to Hajj health officers or visit the nearest health post.
“The health of our pilgrims is our top priority. We are providing the best care possible to ensure their pilgrimage goes smoothly and that everyone returns home safely and in good health,” Susilo concluded.
